Similarly, WNV-infected mice in which regulatory T cells were ablated exhibited more severe disease outcomes, implicating these immune cells in regulating protective immunity to WNV infection.
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The brain was the most sensitive target organ; it was the only positive organ for three of the positive crows. The sensitivity of crow organs as targets for WN virus detection makes crow death useful for WN virus surveillance. The outbreak of West Nile WN virus in the New York City area 1 was associated with the deaths of thousands of American Crows Corvus brachyrhynchos , which appeared to be highly susceptible to the virus.
Local health authorities selected some of these dead birds for laboratory testing. Generally, brain tissue was targeted for virus isolation as a method of surveillance 2. Although WN virus has frequently been isolated from brain tissue, a rigorous comparison of the brain to other organs of the American Crow has not been undertaken.
Accordingly, we compared the sensitivity of the brain with that of other crow organs as targets for WN virus detection by both virus isolation and RNA detection. From 20 crow carcasses collected in New Jersey during September and October , we removed sections of brain, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and lung for WN virus detection by plaque assay and TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR 3.
The samples were prepared by macerating approximately 0. Sensitivity of each assay for detecting WN virus or RNA in each organ was determined by using only the WN virus-infected carcasses as denominator in the calculations. One hundred nineteen tissue samples from 20 crows were assayed for WN virus Table. Positive test results for WN virus infection were obtained for 10 of the 20 carcasses. The TaqMan assay identified WN virus RNA in seven tissue samples that tested negative by plaque assay, including two brain tissue samples of crows from which all other organ tissues had tested negative.
Tissues from the three crows for which only brain provided positive RNA detection were confirmed positive by repeat-testing in triplicate with three different TaqMan RT-PCR primer pairs.
To learn more about testing, visit our Healthcare Providers page. Treatment No vaccine or specific medicines are available for West Nile virus infection. Over-the-counter pain relievers can be used to reduce fever and relieve some symptoms In severe cases, patients often need to be hospitalized to receive supportive treatment, such as intravenous fluids, pain medication, and nursing care. If you think you or a family member might have West Nile virus disease, talk with your health care provider.
To learn more about treatment, visit our Healthcare Providers page. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Mehlhop E, et al. Complement protein C1q reduces the stoichiometric threshold for antibody-mediated neutralization of West Nile virus.
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